Mind & Behavior

Aysecan Boduroglu, Ph.D.

Contact: aysecan.boduroglu@boun.edu.tr OR aboduroglu@su.sabanciuniv.edu

Class Website: to-be-announced!

Office Hours: Wednesday 4-5pm or email

TA: Yeliz Yorulmaz (yelizy@su.sabanciuniv.edu)

 

 

This course is an introductory level course on human mind and behavior, designed to provide an overview of scientific psychology. The major goal of this course is to introduce theoretical perspectives as well as some classical and recent empirical findings in psychology. In doing so, the course also aims to highlight both the interaction of psychological sciences with other allied disciplines and the impact of psychological findings in applied fields. In this regard, the course will present an opportunity for students with different backgrounds to explore links between their own fields of interest and study and psychology.

 

Overall structure of the course: Each week, we will be meeting for 3 hours. Part of this 3 hour meeting will be devoted to a brief lecture. During the remaining time we are going to complete some in-class activities and discuss weekly reading materials.

  

Lectures: Weekly lectures will introduce each topic and provide a base for the assigned readings (besides the textbook). The lectures will be designed to be as interactive as possible. There will be in-class demonstrations and mock-experiments to illustrate key concepts and findings. You will also be encouraged to participate in some on-line experiments to complement your understanding of the material. Also, short video clips from documentaries will be presented whenever possible to augment the material. You are expected to attend lectures!

 

The coursepack readings related to each lecture will be discussed during the next class meeting.  The one week lag between lectures and discussion of these additional readings will enable you to come to discussions more prepared. You will be expected to come to this meeting haven written a short critique and ready to discuss your ideas.

 

Readings: This course will be a lecture-driven course. However, there will be an introductory text book (Psychological Science by Gazzaniga & Heatherton (2nd Edition)) to supplement the lecture material. Also, weekly readings will be assigned (coursepack).

 

EvaluationYou will be evaluated via two midterms (60%), your class participation (20%) and a final project (20%).

Exams. The examinations will include objective, multiple-choice questions as well as short-answer questions. For the exams you will be responsible for material covered during lecture, in the reading pack and during the discussion. Each exam will focus on material from the corresponding part of the course. Nevertheless, the exams assume the course is cumulative, and questions may require knowledge acquired earlier. EXAM 1: November 5, EXAM 2: Jan 7.

Missed Exams. It is not possible to devise make-up exams that are comparable to the actual exams and that will test you fairly if you miss an exam. Make-up exams will therefore not be given.  Only in extraordinary circumstances will special arrangements be made if you miss an exam for a well-documented reason.

Participation: Critiques & Discussion Questions.  Your participation grade will be based on both your weekly critiques and your in-class participation. For each assigned reading you will be asked to write a one-to-two paragraph critique, and also generate a discussion question. Your critique should include a short summary of the content, as well as your overall evaluation of the piece (e.g. what is interesting, novel, surprising, controversial, contradictory etc.?) and your questions about methods/analyses/reasoning etc.  In addition to your critique you will be asked to generate a discussion question. This discussion question should highlight what the assigned reading made you question and what it made you think. It should not have a correct or a yes/no answer. Your critiques should be type-written. Also, please pay attention to your writing (e.g. style, clarity, grammar, spelling etc.). The written work should reflect your own work. Critiques that are emailed to me will not be accepted. Late assignments will be penalized.

Final project. You will be asked to write a short research paper. Your paper will be asked to review some recent work and integrate it with what we have covered during the term. You will be encouraged to integrate what you have learned about the “mind” with your own fields of interest. More details to come.

Plagiarism: Sabanci University does not tolerate plagiarism or cheating.  Plagiarism is not merely turning in an assignment that someone else wrote.  If you include any ideas or quotes from another source without indicating you have one so, or even if you paraphrase someone else’s ideas without acknowledging that fact, you are still plagiarizing.  Using sources from the World Wide Web, without giving appropriate references, is also considered plagiarism.  For further details please see: http://www.buowl.boun.edu.tr/students/avoidingplagiarism.htm

Email policy

The easiest way to reach me is via email.  However do not expect me to reply to you immediately.  I will try to reply your mails in 24 hours (i.e. Do not send me an email in 3 am expecting an immediate reply!). 

Also, I might use email to send reminders, clarifications, assignments etc. Before the exams, if you have any questions and if you email them to me, I will do my best to answer your questions and will forward the replies to the whole class.

 

Feedback                                                                                                                     

During the term, you may have some comment to make about how the course is being run. Always feel free to speak with me about this. Alternatively, you may wish to submit your comment anonymously. I urge you to use either route if you have a criticism, a comment, a suggestion, or a question.  Do not wait until the end of the term if you want your comment to have an immediate impact.

Note: The outline of topics and the coursepack is tentative. There is a possibility that this syllabus will be revised during the term. Any such revisions will be announced during lecture and on the webpage.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

General Outline of Topics

The science of psychology:

Introduction to the “big” questions of psychology

Historical perspectives

Mind-Body dualism and its impact on psychology

The logic of scientific research

 

Biological basis of behavior

Introduction to the brain

The mind is what the brain does

Techniques: How can we probe the brain?

 

Sensation and Perception: how the world enters the mind

Dissociation between sensation and perception

An introduction to the visual system

“Learning how to see”

 

Consciousness

Link between attention and consciousness

Conscious states (sleep, meditation, psychoactive drugs)

 

Learning

How do we learn? (classical and operant conditioning)

Learning models to depression

 

Memory

What do we remember and how?

Memories of individuals and societies: Eye-witnesses testimonies, flashbulb memories

 

Motivation and Emotions

Emotions and their characteristics

Manipulation of emotions

Role of emotions on cognitive processes:

Human happiness: individuals vs. societies

 

Judgment and Decision Making

Rational and irrational choices

Emotions, judgments and neuroeconomics

 

Culture

Impact of culture on human behavior and cognition

What is universal and what is unique

 

The malfunctioning mind

Psychological and neuropsychological impairments

Treatment: classical therapies and new technologies (implants, drugs etc.)

Recovery of function: plasticity of the brain

 

 

 

 

Coursepack Readings:

On the nature / nurture debate

Le Doux, J. (2002). The Synaptic Self.  (Chapter 1: The big one, pg. 1-12). New York: Viking.

In this reading LeDoux argues that one of the most essential questions that psychologists should try to answer is “What makes us who we are?”.  Discuss whether you agree with him or not. Can you think of any examples of when “nature” is more important than “nurture” (or viceversa).

 

Optional:

Pinker, S. (2004). Why nature and nurture won’t go away. Daedalus, Fall, 1-13.

http://pinker.wjh.harvard.edu/articles/papers/nature_nurture.pdf

 

The mind is what the brain does—and maybe more?

Damasio, A. R. (1994). Descartes’ Error. Emotion, Reason and the Human Brain. (Chapter 1 & 2, pg. 3-33).

In this reading Damasio presents the famous case of Phineas Cage. What is intriguing about this case? Anything you find particularly surprising or hard to believe? If so, why do you think that might be the case?

 

Learning to see

Sacks, O. (1993). A neurologist’s notebook. To see or not to see.  The New Yorker (May10), 1-13.

Oliver Sacks is a famous neurologists (also known for his witty case histories). In this article he reviews the case of Virgil-a blind man who starts to see at age 50. Do we really “learn” to see? What does this say about brain plasticity and/or the nature-nurture debate?

 

Check out Oliver Sack’s webpage for more cool stuff: http://www.oliversacks.com/

 

Attention & Consciousness

Ramachandran, V. S. & Blakesee, S. (1998). Phantoms in the Brain. (Chapter 4: The Zombie in the Brain, 63-84). New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc.

Ramachandran, like Sacks, is a famous neurologists and he has been investigating how bizarre neurological disorders shed light onto the mind and brain.  This particular case story is about a woman who behaves as if she sees certain things but she has no awareness of it. So, what is the value of conscious perception?

Carey, B. (2007). Who’s minding the mind? NYTimes, July 31, 2007, 1-4.

This is an excerpt from a NYTIMES SCIENCE article and it summarizes some recent research on unconscious influences on behavior. Do you buy it? Can you think of any problems with this type of research? If you were to design an experiment like this what would you want to investigate?

 

Do we learn to believe in “weird” things?

[readings to be announced later!]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The sins of memory

Loftus, E. (2003). Make-believe memories. American Psychologist, 867-873.

Elizabeth Loftus is a very famous Proffesor of Psychology & Law. She focuses on the implications of memory distortions on legal affairs. In this paper she reviews empirical work on how easily false memories can be planted.

An interesting question to think about is the implications of this research on individual on memories of societies? Do you think it is equally easy to implant memories in societal minds?

For more on implications of memory distortions on law etc. check out E. Loftus’ webpage: http://faculty.washington.edu/eloftus/

 

Kruglinski, S. Perfect memory. News piece in Discover magazine (online!)

An exclusive interview with the woman who cannot forget!

http://discovermagazine.com/2006/apr/perfect-mem/

 

Emotions and Memory

LeDoux, J. E. (2002).  Emotion, memory, and the brain.  Scientific American Special Issue on the Hidden Mind, 68-75.

 

Emotions: Their role in thinking, judgment and decision making

Damasio, A. R. (1994). Descartes’ Error. Chapter 9, pg. 206-222.

            Focus on the gambling experiments. How do frontal patients and normals differ?

Sacks, O. (1994). A neurologist’s notebook. An Anthropologist on Mars, The New Yorker(Dec 27), 106-122 (pages 111 & 119 were ads in the magazine so there is NO 111 and 119).

Oliver Sacks describes Temple Grandin, an autistic researcher and college professor. Does the portrayal of autism here fit your general knowledge of autism (from books, movies etc.) What does autism say to the importance of emotions in general? Do the conclusions you reach from this case contradict what you concluded after reading Damasio’s chapter on the somatic-marker hypothesis?

 

Thomson, C. (2003). There is a sucker born in every medial prefrontal cortex. NYTimes, Oct 26, 2003, 1-4. (in coursepack and also online at the following link)

http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B07E1DE113EF935A15753C1A9659C8B63&sec=technology&spon=&pagewanted=all#

In this NYTimes-Science article recent findings from an emerging field –neuromarketing- is discussed. What is the neural basis for our preference for certain brands over others? Is this important? Why or why not?

 

Optional:

Kruglinski, S. Do emotions cloud commonsense. News piece in Discover magazine online!)

http://discovermagazine.com/2005/nov/do-emotions-cloud

 

Are we all the same?

Nisbett, R. E., & Masuda, T. (2003). Culture and point of view. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 100, 11163-11175.

Richard Nisbett is a social psychologist and for more than a decade now he has been investigating the social, cultural and most interestingly the cognitive differences between Asians and Westerners. Where do you think ‘we’ fit in?

 

 

 

Malfunctioning Mind

Verhaeghen, P., Joormann, J., & Khan, R. (2005). Why we sing the blues: The relation between self-reflective rumination, mood, and creativity. Emotion, 5, 226-232.

Paul Verhaeghen is a cognitive psychologist-award winning novelist. In this paper he addresses the myth-depression brings along creativity. Can you think of counterexamples? Any famous individuals who have claimed their psychological disorders have led to creativity? Can you think of any novels/movies which may have helped

 

For more on Paul Verhaeghen and his creative activities check out http://chb.syr.edu/projects/recall/paul.htm

 

 

Sept

24

 

Intro

Oct

1

 

Science of Psychology

Oct

8

 

Biological Basis

Oct

15

 

Sensation & Perception

Oct

22

 

Consciousness

Oct

29

Cumhuriyet

 

Nov

5

 

EXAM1

Nov

12

Semester Break

 

Nov

19

 

Learning

Nov

26

 

Memory

Dec

3

 

Motivations and Emotions

Dec

10

 

Judgment& Decision Making

Dec

17

 

Culture

Dec

24

 

Malfunctioning Mind

Dec

31

 

 

Jan

7

Last Day of Classes

EXAM 2

Jan

      14-26

Finals