Structure and Properties
of Materials (MAT 509)
Fall 2010
This course
aims to give a general understanding of the relationship between observed
properties of materials and the internal structure with emphasis on materials
for electronic and optical applications. As the topic covers a vast amount of
phenomena, we will focus on the fundamental principles, today’s methods for
characterization of electrical and optical properties and how the physics of
the condensed state is tailored in today’s technological applications.
Instructor: Burç
Mısırlıoğlu
Room: G046 in
E-mail:
burc@sabanciuniv.edu
Office hours: All times as
long as I am available. An e-mail request before coming to my office is the
best way to learn about my availability.
Date and
classroom: N/A yet
Grading: % 23
Homeworks, %23 Midterm, %23 Term project, % 31 Final. There will be one
homework every two weeks. Familiarity with the homework will provide very
useful for the midterm and the final. The term project will consist of studying
a topic and a related paper in-depth where groups of two will explain in a
clear manner what the subject of the paper is and what has been demonstrated.
The clarity of the presentation, effort put forward to understand and explain
the fundamental concepts as well as stimulating a good discussion will be the
major criteria in grading the term project. I will soon post a list of
topics/articles out of which groups can choose one at their discretion or field
of interest.
Important: Late
homeworks and assignments WILL NOT BE accepted and will receive zero.
Attendance to classes is not obligatory but full attendance will be considered
as a sign of interest in the class topics and motivation.
Textbook: There is no
textbook requirement for this class and I will compile the notes from a variety
of books that are also available at the IC. Recommended references at the IC:
a.
Structure and
Dynamics, Martin T. Dove (2003).
- Structure of
Materials, Samuel M. Allen and Edwin L. Thomas (1999).
- Elementary
- The
Principles of Engineering Materials, C.S. Barrett, W.D. Nix, and A.S.
Tetelman (1974).
- Electronic
Properties of Materials, 3rd Edition, Rolf Hummel (2001).
- Electronic
Properties of Engineering Materials, James D. Livingston (1999).
- An
Introduction to the Optical Spectroscopy of Inorganic Solids, J. Garcia
Sole, L.E. Bausa and D. Jaque (2005).
- Introduction
to Solid State Physics, 8th International addition, Charles
Kittel (2005).
- Electrons in
Solids – An Introductory Survey, 3rd Edition, Richard H. Bubbe
(Check if it has arrived).
- Band Theory
and Electronic Properties of Solids, Oxford Master Series in Condensed
Matter Physics, John Singleton, (2004).
- Solid
state physics / J.R. Hook, H.E. Hall. Hook, J.
R. (John R.)
- Solid
state physics for engineering and materials science / John P. McKelvey.
McKelvey, John Philip.
- Several websites (some providing
general information while some giving quite bit of detail) when you do
web engine searches with keywords such as “electronic structure,
Schroedinger Equation, Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom, band theory of
solids, electron bands in crystals, Brillouin zone, reciprocal lattice,
Bloch function, Bloch waves, semiconductors, dielectrics, origin of
magnetism, electrons in solids, crystal structure, crystal binding,
electrical conduction, optical properties, damping of photons in
crystals, Einstein model of a crystal & heat capacity,
superconductivity, Cooper pairs, Bose-Einstein condensate” and etc..
Other than the
above, feel free to come to my office and ask for any resources I might have.
Subjects to be
covered in the course (Note that there might be some slight modifications to
the content during the course of the semester) :
1. Atomic bonding
1.1. Brief overview: Structure of an
atom.
1.2. Types of atomic bonds in
condensed matter (solids and liquids)
1.3. Overview of impact of bonding state on commonly
observed physical properties.
2. An introduction to waves and
oscillations
2.1. The harmonic oscillator and
vibrations on a string
2.2. Electromagnetic wave equation and
the black body radiation
2.3. The Schrödinger Equation
2.4. Quantum harmonic oscillator
3. Crystal structure
3.1. Classification of structures and
order in solids
3.2. Lattice structure and unit cells,
reciprocal lattice
3.3. Order and disorder in solids
3.4. Overview on methods to
characterize order in solids
4. Electrons in solids
4.1. Wave-particle duality
4.2. Solution of the Schrödinger equation for a
single potential well
4.3. Solution of the Schrödinger equation for a
periodic potential (Bloch approach, Krönig-Penney model).
4.4. Density of states and population density
(Fermi-Dirac statistics)
4.4. Energy bands in ordered solids,
crystals.
4.5. How does the band structure determine electrical
properties of solids?
5. Electrical and Thermal Conduction
5.1. Classical approach to electrical
conduction (Drude model)
5.2. Quantum mechanical approach to
electrical conduction
5.3. Semiconductors
5.4. Thermal properties: (Phonon and electronic
contribution), heat capacity (Einstein model, Debye Model, discussion of the
Dulong-Petite Law).
6. Optical properties of condensed media
6.1.
Electromagnetic wave equation and index of refraction
6.2. Continuum approach to explain optical
properties of solids (harmonic oscillator treatment of electrons as dipoles)
6.3. Atomistic approach
6.4. Quantum approach
7. Magnetism in solids, dielectrics and
ferroelectrics
7.1. Theories
to explain magnetism in materials
7.2.
Ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, diamagnetism, ferrimagnetism.
7.3. Origin of dielectric behavior
7.4. Ferroelectric phenomena
7.5. Superconductivity: An overview
8. Device applications, Measurement
Techniques
I am planning to organize this section of the class
in a way that the students can choose topics to discuss in class in form of
presentations. Investigation of papers
published on preferred topics will also be a part of the discussions.
Some example topics:
Defects in semiconductors and how they impact the
device functions.
Dielectric materials for the gates in MOSFETs.
Data storage materials: Magnetic materials,
materials for flash drives, materials for DRAM/SRAM, ferroelectrics, CD-DVD
technology.
LEDs.
Use of well-known techniques to determine
properties: TEM, XRD and STM in electronic material characterization (case
studies and 1986 Nobel Prize in Physics for the invention of the STM
technique).
GMR and CMR effects in artificial magnetic layers
(2007 Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery of the GMR effect that enabled
the harddisk technology today)
Materials for battery technologies and energy
storage. (case study: Batteries in hybrid cars)
Impact of electronic structure on catalysis.